Cyber Security refers to the practice of protecting systems, networks, devices, and data from unauthorized access, cyberattacks, damage, or theft. With the increasing use of digital platforms for communication, business, and storage, cyber security has become a critical field across all industries.

Cybersecurity involves a wide range of technologies, processes, and practices designed to defend computers, servers, mobile devices, electronic systems, and networks from malicious attacks. It is also known as information technology security or electronic information security.

Core Components of Cyber Security:

1. Network Security
   Protects the integrity of computer networks from unauthorized access, misuse, or theft. Techniques include firewalls, VPNs, and intrusion detection systems.

2. Information Security (InfoSec)
   Focuses on protecting the integrity and privacy of data, both in storage and in transit.

3. Application Security
   Ensures software and applications are free from threats. Regular updates, patches, and secure coding are key elements.

4. Endpoint Security
   Secures individual devices like laptops, desktops, and mobile devices that connect to a network.

5. Cloud Security
   Involves safeguarding cloud-based infrastructure and services. Includes secure configuration, identity access management, and monitoring.

6. Identity and Access Management (IAM)
   Controls who can access resources within a system, ensuring only authorized individuals gain entry.

7. Disaster Recovery & Business Continuity
   Plans and tools to recover data and resume operations after a cyberattack or data breach.

8. Security Operations Center (SOC)
   A centralized unit that monitors and analyzes security across an organization in real-time.

Common Cyber Threats:

• Phishing – Fraudulent messages to trick users into revealing sensitive information.

• Ransomware – Malware that locks data or systems and demands a ransom for release.

• DDoS Attacks – Overwhelms systems or networks with traffic to disrupt services.

• Malware – Includes viruses, worms, spyware, and trojans designed to harm or exploit.

• Man-in-the-Middle Attacks – Interception of communications between two parties.

• Zero-Day Exploits – Attacks on previously unknown vulnerabilities.

Importance of Cyber Security:

• Protects Sensitive Data (personal, financial, health, business)

• Maintains Business Continuity

• Prevents Financial Losses

• Ensures Compliance with laws like GDPR, HIPAA, etc.

• Builds Trust with customers and stakeholders

Careers in Cyber Security:

• Cyber Security Analyst

• Ethical Hacker / Penetration Tester

• Security Engineer

• Incident Responder

• Chief Information Security Officer (CISO)

• Network Security Administrator

• Digital Forensics Expert